public class ProductQuery 
    { 
        public dynamic GetProductsByCustomerId(int id) 
        { 
            return new ExpandoObject(); 
        } 
    } 
    public class CustomerQuery 
    { 
        private readonly ProductQuery _productQuery; 
  
        public CustomerQuery(ProductQuery productQuery) 
        { 
            _productQuery = productQuery; 
        } 
        public dynamic GetProducts(int customerId) 
        { 
            return _productQuery.GetProductsByCustomerId(customerId); 
        } 
    } 
    public static class Programm 
    { 
        static void Main(string[] args) 
        { 
            var query = new CustomerQuery(new ProductQuery()); 
            var products = query.GetProducts(1); 
        } 
    }

چرا چنین بویی به راه می‌افتد  

using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;

namespace CS8Tests;

[Experimental(diagnosticId: "Test001")]
public class ExperimentalAttributeDemo
{
    public void Print()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Hello Experimental Attribute");
    }
}

var experimentalAttributeDemo = new ExperimentalAttributeDemo();

error Test001: 'CS8Tests.ExperimentalAttributeDemo' is for evaluation purposes only
and is subject to change or removal in future updates. Suppress this diagnostic to proceed.

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>

    <NoWarn>Test001</NoWarn>
  </PropertyGroup>
</Project>

#pragma warning disable Test001
var demo = new ExperimentalAttributeDemo();
#pragma warning restore Test001

using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;

namespace CS8Tests;

[Experimental(diagnosticId: "Test001")]
public class ExperimentalAttributeDemo
{
    [Experimental(diagnosticId: "Test002")]
    public void Print()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Hello Experimental Attribute");
    }
}

var demo = new ExperimentalAttributeDemo();
demo.Print();

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>

    <NoWarn>Test001,Test002</NoWarn>
  </PropertyGroup>
</Project>

#pragma warning disable Test001,Test002
var demo = new ExperimentalAttributeDemo();
demo.Print();
#pragma warning restore Test001,Test002

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;

namespace MvcApplication1.Models
{
    public class Task
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        [Required]
        public string Name { set; get; }

        [DisplayName("Due Date")]
        public DateTime? DueDate { set; get; }

        [ForeignKey("StatusId")]
        public virtual Status Status { set; get; } // one-to-many
        public int StatusId { set; get; }

        [StringLength(450)]
        public string Description { set; get; }

        public virtual ICollection<Tag> Tags { set; get; } // many-to-many
    }

    public class Tag
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        [Required]
        public string Name { set; get; }

        public virtual ICollection<Task> Tasks { set; get; } // many-to-many
    }

    public class Status
    {
        public int Id { set; get; }

        [Required]
        public string Name { set; get; }
    }
}

PM> Scaffold Controller -ModelType Task -ControllerName TasksController -DbContextType TasksDbContext -Repository -Force
PM> Scaffold Controller -ModelType Tag -ControllerName TagsController -DbContextType TasksDbContext -Repository -Force
PM> Scaffold Controller -ModelType Status -ControllerName StatusController -DbContextType TasksDbContext -Repository -Force

@Html.DropDownListFor(model => model.StatusId,
((IEnumerable<Status>)ViewBag.PossibleStatus).Select(option => new SelectListItem {
  Text = (option == null ? "None" : option.Name),
  Value = option.Id.ToString(),
  Selected = (Model != null) && (option.Id == Model.StatusId)
}), "Choose...")
@Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.StatusId)

 PM> Scaffold MvcScaffolding.ActionWithUnitTest -Controller TasksController -Action ArchiveTask -ViewModel Task

 PM> Scaffold UnitTest Tasks Delete

  fetchProducts(categoryId?: number) {
    console.log(categoryId);

    this.products = [];

    if (categoryId === undefined || categoryId.toString() === "undefined") {
      return;
    }

> npm install ng2-toasty --save

 npm ERR! Error: EPERM: operation not permitted, rename

"styles": [
    "../node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css",
    "../node_modules/ng2-toasty/bundles/style-bootstrap.css",
    "styles.css"
],

import { ToastyModule } from "ng2-toasty";

@NgModule({
  imports: [
    BrowserModule,
    ToastyModule.forRoot(),

 <ng2-toasty [position]="'top-right'"></ng2-toasty>

import { ToastyService, ToastOptions } from "ng2-toasty";

export class ProductGroupComponent implements OnInit {

  constructor(
    private productItemsService: ProductItemsService,
    private toastyService: ToastyService) { }

  fetchProducts(categoryId?: number) {
    console.log(categoryId);

    this.products = [];

    if (categoryId === undefined || categoryId.toString() === "undefined") {
      this.toastyService.error(<ToastOptions>{
        title: "Error!",
        msg: "Please select a category.",
        theme: "bootstrap",
        showClose: true,
        timeout: 5000
      });
      return;
    }

    this.productItemsService.getCategories().subscribe(
      data => {
        this.categories = data;
      },
      err => console.log("get error: ", err)
    );

> ng g cl app.error-handler

 installing class
  create src\app\app.error-handler.ts

import { ErrorHandler } from "@angular/core";

export class AppErrorHandler implements ErrorHandler {

  handleError(error: any): void {
    console.log("Error:", error);
  }
}

import { NgModule, ErrorHandler } from "@angular/core";
import { AppErrorHandler } from "./app.error-handler";

@NgModule({
  providers: [
    { provide: ErrorHandler, useClass: AppErrorHandler }
  ]

[HttpGet("[action]/{categoryId:int}")]
public async Task<IActionResult> GetProducts(int categoryId)
{
   throw new Exception();

    this.productItemsService.getProducts(categoryId).subscribe(
      data => {
        this.products = data;
        this.isLoadingProducts = false;
      }// ,
      // err => {
      //   console.log("get error: ", err);
      //   this.isLoadingProducts = false;
      // }
    );

import { ToastyService, ToastOptions } from "ng2-toasty";
import { ErrorHandler } from "@angular/core";

export class AppErrorHandler implements ErrorHandler {

  constructor(private toastyService: ToastyService) {
  }

  handleError(error: any): void {
    // console.log("Error:", error);
    this.toastyService.error(<ToastOptions>{
      title: "Error!",
      msg: "Fatal error!",
      theme: "bootstrap",
      showClose: true,
      timeout: 5000
    });
  }
}

 Uncaught Error: Can't resolve all parameters for AppErrorHandler: (?).

import { ErrorHandler, Inject } from "@angular/core";

export class AppErrorHandler implements ErrorHandler {

  constructor(
    @Inject(ToastyService) private toastyService: ToastyService
  ) {
  }

import { ToastyService, ToastOptions } from "ng2-toasty";
import { ErrorHandler, Inject, NgZone } from "@angular/core";
import { LocationStrategy, PathLocationStrategy } from "@angular/common";

export class AppErrorHandler implements ErrorHandler {

  constructor(
    @Inject(NgZone) private ngZone: NgZone,
    @Inject(ToastyService) private toastyService: ToastyService,
    @Inject(LocationStrategy) private locationProvider: LocationStrategy
  ) {
  }

  handleError(error: any): void {
    // console.log("Error:", error);

    const url = this.locationProvider instanceof PathLocationStrategy ? this.locationProvider.path() : "";
    const message = error.message ? error.message : error.toString();
    this.ngZone.run(() => {
      this.toastyService.error(<ToastOptions>{
        title: "Error!",
        msg: `URL:${url} \n ERROR:${message}`,
        theme: "bootstrap",
        showClose: true,
        timeout: 5000
      });
    });

    // IMPORTANT: Rethrow the error otherwise it gets swallowed
    // throw error;
  }
}

>npm install
>ng build --watch

>dotnet restore
>dotnet watch run

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace MvcApplication28.Helpers
{
    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method, Inherited = true, AllowMultiple = true)]
    public sealed class SiteAuthorizeAttribute : AuthorizeAttribute
    {
        protected override void HandleUnauthorizedRequest(AuthorizationContext filterContext)
        {
            if (filterContext.HttpContext.Request.IsAuthenticated)
            {
                throw new UnauthorizedAccessException(); //to avoid multiple redirects
            }
            else
            {
                handleAjaxRequest(filterContext);
                base.HandleUnauthorizedRequest(filterContext);
            }
        }

        private static void handleAjaxRequest(AuthorizationContext filterContext)
        {
            var ctx = filterContext.HttpContext;
            if (!ctx.Request.IsAjaxRequest())
                return;

            ctx.Response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.Forbidden;
            ctx.Response.End();
        }
    }
}

using System.Web.Mvc;
using MvcApplication28.Helpers;

namespace MvcApplication28.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }

        [SiteAuthorize]
        [HttpPost]        
        public ActionResult SaveData(string data)
        {
            if(string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(data))
                return Content("NOk!");

            return Content("Ok!");
        }
    }
}

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Index";
    var postUrl = this.Url.Action(actionName: "SaveData", controllerName: "Home");
}
<h2>
    Index</h2>
@using (Html.BeginForm(actionName: "SaveData", controllerName: "Home",
                method: FormMethod.Post, htmlAttributes: new { id = "form1" }))
{
    @Html.TextBox(name: "data")
    <br />
    <span id="btnSave">Save Data</span>
}
@section Scripts
{
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(document).ready(function () {
            $("#btnSave").click(function (event) {
                $.ajax({
                    type: "POST",
                    url: "@postUrl",
                    data: $("#form1").serialize(),
                    // controller is returning a simple text, not json  
                    complete: function (xhr, status) {
                        var data = xhr.responseText;
                        if (xhr.status == 403) {
                            window.location = "/login";
                        }
                    }
                });
            });
        });
    </script>
}

filterContext.Result =  new JavaScriptResult { Script="window.location = '" + redirectToUrl + "'"};

class LoginForm extends Component {
  state = {
    account: { username: "", password: "" },
    errors: {
      username: "Username is required"
    }
  };

  validate = () => {
    return { username: "Username is required." };
  };

  handleSubmit = e => {
    e.preventDefault();

    const errors = this.validate();
    console.log("Validation errors", errors);
    this.setState({ errors });
    if (errors) {
      return;
    }

    // call the server
    console.log("Submitted!");
  };

  validate = () => {
    const { account } = this.state;

    const errors = {};
    if (account.username.trim() === "") {
      errors.username = "Username is required.";
    }

    if (account.password.trim() === "") {
      errors.password = "Password is required.";
    }

    return Object.keys(errors).length === 0 ? null : errors;
  };

import React from "react";

const Input = ({ name, label, value, error, onChange }) => {
  return (
    <div className="form-group">
      <label htmlFor={name}>{label}</label>
      <input
        value={value}
        onChange={onChange}
        id={name}
        name={name}
        type="text"
        className="form-control"
      />
      {error && <div className="alert alert-danger">{error}</div>}
    </div>
  );
};

export default Input;

  render() {
    const { account, errors } = this.state;
    return (
      <form onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}>
        <Input
          name="username"
          label="Username"
          value={account.username}
          onChange={this.handleChange}
          error={errors.username}
        />
        <Input
          name="password"
          label="Password"
          value={account.password}
          onChange={this.handleChange}
          error={errors.password}
        />
        <button className="btn btn-primary">Login</button>
      </form>
    );
  }

loginForm.jsx:55 Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property 'username' of null
at LoginForm.render (loginForm.jsx:55)

this.setState({ errors: errors || {} });

  handleChange = ({ currentTarget: input }) => {
    const errors = { ...this.state.errors }; //cloning an object
    const errorMessage = this.validateProperty(input);
    if (errorMessage) {
      errors[input.name] = errorMessage;
    } else {
      delete errors[input.name];
    }

    const account = { ...this.state.account }; //cloning an object
    account[input.name] = input.value;

    this.setState({ account, errors });
  };

  validateProperty = ({ name, value }) => {
    if (name === "username") {
      if (value.trim() === "") {
        return "Username is required.";
      }
      // ...
    }

    if (name === "password") {
      if (value.trim() === "") {
        return "Password is required.";
      }
      // ...
    }
  };

const Joi = require('@hapi/joi');
const schema = Joi.object({
    username: Joi.string().alphanum().min(3).max(30).required(),
    password: Joi.string().pattern(/^[a-zA-Z0-9]{3,30}$/),
    email: Joi.string().email({ minDomainSegments: 2, tlds: { allow: ['com', 'net'] } })
});
schema.validate({ username: 'abc', birth_year: 1994 });

> npm install @hapi/joi --save
> npm i --save-dev @types/hapi__joi

import Joi from "@hapi/joi";

  schema = {
    username: Joi.string()
      .required()
      .label("Username"),
    password: Joi.string()
      .required()
      .label("Password")
  };

  validate = () => {
    const { account } = this.state;
    const validationResult = Joi.object(this.schema).validate(account, {
      abortEarly: false
    });
    console.log("validationResult", validationResult);

  validate = () => {
    const { account } = this.state;
    const validationResult = Joi.object(this.schema).validate(account, {
      abortEarly: false
    });
    console.log("validationResult", validationResult);

    if (!validationResult.error) {
      return null;
    }

    const errors = {};
    for (let item of validationResult.error.details) {
      errors[item.path[0]] = item.message;
    }
    return errors;
  };

  validateProperty = ({ name, value }) => {
    const userInputObject = { [name]: value };
    const propertySchema = Joi.object({ [name]: this.schema[name] });
    const { error } = propertySchema.validate(userInputObject, {
      abortEarly: true
    });
    return error ? error.details[0].message : null;
  };

 <button disabled={this.validate()} className="btn btn-primary">
 Login
</button>

using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

namespace NotifyPropertyChangedGenerator.Demo;

public enum Gender
{
    NotSpecified,
    [Display(Name = "مرد")] Male,
    [Display(Name = "زن")] Female
}

public static class Extensions
{
    public static string GetDisplayName(this Enum value)
    {
        if (value is null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value));

        var attribute = value.GetType().GetField(value.ToString())?
            .GetCustomAttributes<DisplayAttribute>(false).FirstOrDefault();

        if (attribute is null)
            return value.ToString();

        return attribute.GetType().GetProperty("Name")?.GetValue(attribute, null)?.ToString();
    }
}

namespace NotifyPropertyChangedGenerator.Demo
{
  public static class GenderExtensions
  {
      public static string GetDisplayName(this Gender @enum)
      {
          return @enum switch
            {
                Gender.NotSpecified => "NotSpecified",
                Gender.Male => "مرد",
                Gender.Female => "زن",
                _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(@enum))
            };
      }
  }
}

[Generator]
public class EnumExtensionsGenerator : ISourceGenerator
{
    public void Initialize(GeneratorInitializationContext context)
    {}

    public void Execute(GeneratorExecutionContext context)
    {
        var compilation = context.Compilation;
        foreach (var syntaxTree in compilation.SyntaxTrees)
        {
            var semanticModel = compilation.GetSemanticModel(syntaxTree);
            var immutableHashSet = syntaxTree.GetRoot()
                .DescendantNodesAndSelf()
                .OfType<EnumDeclarationSyntax>()
                .Select(enumDeclarationSyntax => semanticModel.GetDeclaredSymbol(enumDeclarationSyntax))
                .OfType<ITypeSymbol>()
                /*.Where(typeSymbol => typeSymbol.GetAttributes().Any(
                    attributeData => string.Equals(attributeData.AttributeClass?.Name, "GenerateExtensions",
                        StringComparison.Ordinal)
                ))*/
                .ToImmutableHashSet();

            foreach (var typeSymbol in immutableHashSet)
            {
                var source = GenerateEnumExtensions(typeSymbol);
                context.AddSource($"{typeSymbol.Name}Extensions.cs", source);
            }
        }
    }

    private string GenerateEnumExtensions(ITypeSymbol typeSymbol)
    {
        return $@"namespace {typeSymbol.ContainingNamespace}
{{
  public static class {typeSymbol.Name}Extensions
  {{
      public static string GetDisplayName(this {typeSymbol.Name} @enum)
      {{
          {GenerateExtensionMethodBody(typeSymbol)}
      }}
  }}
}}";
    }

    private static string GenerateExtensionMethodBody(ITypeSymbol typeSymbol)
    {
        var sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.Append(@"return @enum switch
            {
");

        foreach (var fieldSymbol in typeSymbol.GetMembers().OfType<IFieldSymbol>())
        {
            var displayAttribute = fieldSymbol.GetAttributes()
                .FirstOrDefault(attributeData =>
                    string.Equals(attributeData.AttributeClass?.Name, "DisplayAttribute", StringComparison.Ordinal));
            if (displayAttribute is null)
            {                
                sb.AppendLine(
                    $@"                {typeSymbol.Name}.{fieldSymbol.Name} => ""{fieldSymbol.Name}"",");
            }
            else
            {
                var displayAttributeName = displayAttribute.NamedArguments
                    .FirstOrDefault(x => string.Equals(x.Key, "Name", StringComparison.Ordinal))
                    .Value;
                sb.AppendLine(
                    $@"                {typeSymbol.Name}.{fieldSymbol.Name} => ""{displayAttributeName.Value}"",");
            }
        }

        sb.Append(
            @"                _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(@enum))
            };");

        return sb.ToString();
    }

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">

  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>

    <EmitCompilerGeneratedFiles>true</EmitCompilerGeneratedFiles>
    <CompilerGeneratedFilesOutputPath>Generated</CompilerGeneratedFilesOutputPath>
  </PropertyGroup>
  
  <Target Name="CleanSourceGeneratedFiles" BeforeTargets="BeforeBuild" DependsOnTargets="$(BeforeBuildDependsOn)">
    <RemoveDir Directories="$(CompilerGeneratedFilesOutputPath)" />
  </Target>  
  <ItemGroup>
    <!-- Exclude the output of source generators from the compilation -->
    <Compile Remove="$(CompilerGeneratedFilesOutputPath)/**/*.cs" />
<Content Include="$(CompilerGeneratedFilesOutputPath)/**" />
  </ItemGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <ProjectReference Include="..\NotifyPropertyChangedGenerator\NotifyPropertyChangedGenerator.csproj" 
OutputItemType="Analyzer" ReferenceOutputAssembly="false" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

{BaseIntermediateOutpath}/generated/{Assembly}/{SourceGeneratorName}/{GeneratedFile}