using System.Drawing;

namespace PWS.ObjectOrientedPaint.Models
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Triangle
    /// </summary>
    public class Triangle : Shape
    {
        #region Constructors (2)

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Triangle" /> class.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="startPoint">The start point.</param>
        /// <param name="endPoint">The end point.</param>
        /// <param name="zIndex">Index of the z.</param>
        /// <param name="foreColor">Color of the fore.</param>
        /// <param name="thickness">The thickness.</param>
        /// <param name="isFill">if set to <c>true</c> [is fill].</param>
        /// <param name="backgroundColor">Color of the background.</param>
        public Triangle(PointF startPoint, PointF endPoint, int zIndex, Color foreColor, byte thickness, bool isFill, Color backgroundColor)
            : base(startPoint, endPoint, zIndex, foreColor, thickness, isFill, backgroundColor)
        {
            ShapeType = ShapeType.Triangle;
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Triangle" /> class.
        /// </summary>
        public Triangle()
        {
            ShapeType = ShapeType.Triangle;
        }

        #endregion Constructors

        #region Methods (1)

        // Public Methods (1) 

        /// <summary>
        /// Draws the specified g.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="g">The g.</param>
        public override void Draw(Graphics g)
        {
            var points = new PointF[3];
            points[0] = new PointF(X + Width / 2, Y);
            points[1] = new PointF(X + Width, Y + Height);
            points[2] = new PointF(X, Y + Height);
            if (IsFill)
                g.FillPolygon(BackgroundBrush, points);
            g.DrawPolygon(new Pen(ForeColor, Thickness), points);
            base.Draw(g);
        }

        #endregion Methods
    }
}

Value 

// Behavior 1 
object obj = null;
bool objValueEqual = obj.Equals(null);

// Behavior 2 
object obj = null;
Type objType = obj.GetType();

// Behavior 3
string str = (string)null;
bool strType = str is string;

// Behavior 4
int num = 5;
Nullable<int> nullableNum = 5;
bool typeEqual = num.GetType() == nullableNum.GetType();

// Behavior 5
Type inType = typeof(int);
Type nullableIntType = typeof(Nullable<int>);
bool typeEqual = inType == nullableIntType;

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(Method(null));
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
        private static string Method(object obj)
        {
            return "Object parameter";
        }
        private static string Method(string str)
        {
            return "String parameter";
        }

var rounded = Math.Round(1.5); // 2
var rounded = Math.Round(2.5); // 2

var rounded = Math.Round(2.5, MidpointRounding.ToEven); // 2
var rounded = Math.Round(2.5, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero); // 3

var value = 1.4f;
var rounded = Math.Round(value + 0.1f); // 1

    public static class Config
    {
        public static bool ThrowException { get; set; } = true;
    }

    public class FailingClass
    {
        static FailingClass()
        {
            if (Config.ThrowException)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException();
            }
        }
    }

try
{
   var failedInstance = new FailingClass();
}
catch (TypeInitializationException) { }

Config.ThrowException = false;
var instance = new FailingClass();

public class BaseClass
{
    {
        public BaseClass()
        {
            VirtualMethod(1);
        }
        public virtual int VirtualMethod(int dividend)
        {
            return dividend / 1;
        }
    }

    public class DerivedClass : BaseClass
    {
        int divisor;
        public DerivedClass()
        {
            divisor = 1;
        }
        public override int VirtualMethod(int dividend)
        {
            return base.VirtualMethod(dividend / divisor);
        }
    }

 class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var instance = new DerivedClass();
            var result = instance.Method();
            result = ((BaseClass)instance).Method();
            Console.WriteLine(instance + " -> " + result); // Derived Class ...  -> Method in BaseClass
            Console.ReadLine();

        }
    }

    public class BaseClass
    {
        public virtual string Method()
        {
            return "Method in BaseClass";
        }
    }

    public class DerivedClass : BaseClass
    {
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return "Derived Class ... ";
        }

        public new string Method()
        {
            return "Method in DerivedClass";
        }
    }

class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var instance = new DerivedClass();
            var result = instance.Method(); // -> Method in DerivedClass
            result = ((IInterface)instance).Method(); // -> Method belonging to IInterface
            Console.WriteLine(result);
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }

    public interface IInterface
    {
        string Method();
    }

    public class DerivedClass : IInterface
    {
        public string Method()
        {
            return "Method in DerivedClass";
        }
        string IInterface.Method()
        {
            return "Method belonging to IInterface";
        }
}

private IEnumerable<int> GetEnumerable(StringBuilder log)
{
     using (var test = new Test(log))
      {
          return Enumerable.Range(1, 5);
      }
}

var log = new StringBuilder();
            
foreach (var number in GetEnumerable(log))
{
     log.AppendLine($"{number}");
}

Created
Disposed
1
2
3
4
5

 using (var test = new Test(log))
 {
     foreach (var i in Enumerable.Range(1,5))
     {
         yield return i;
     }
 }

Created
1
2
3
4
5
Disposed

    public class ProductService
    {
        public IEnumerable<Product> GetOrderedProducts()
        {
            using (var ctx = new Entites())
            {
                return ctx.Products.OrderBy(x => x.Name).ToList();
            }
        }
    }

• Using Entity Framework in integration tests
  
• How We Do Database Integration Tests With Entity Framework Migrations
  

    public class ProductService
    {
        private readonly IDbSet<Product> _products;
        private readonly IUnitOfWork _uow;
        public ProductService(IUnitOfWork uow)
        {
            _uow = uow;
            _products = _uow.Set<Product>();
        }
     public IEnumerable<Product> GetOrderedProducts()
        {
            return _products.OrderBy(x => x.Name).ToList();
        }
    }

   [TestFixture]
    public class ProductServiceTest
    {
        private readonly ProductService _productService;
        public ProductServiceTest()
        {
            IQueryable<Product> data = GetRoadNetworks().AsQueryable();
            var mockSet = new Mock<DbSet<Product>>();
            mockSet.As<IQueryable<Product>>().Setup(m => m.Provider).Returns(data.Provider);
            mockSet.As<IQueryable<Product>>().Setup(m => m.Expression).Returns(data.Expression);
            mockSet.As<IQueryable<Product>>().Setup(m => m.ElementType).Returns(data.ElementType);
            mockSet.As<IQueryable<Product>>().Setup(m => m.GetEnumerator()).Returns(data.GetEnumerator());
            var context = new Mock<Entites>();
            context.Setup(c => c.Products).Returns(mockSet.Object);
            context.Setup(m => m.Set<Product>()).Returns(mockSet.Object);
            _productService = new ProductService(context.Object);
        }
        private IEnumerable<Product> GetRoadNetworks()
        {
            return new List<Product>
            {
                new Product
                {
                    Id = 1,
                    Name = "A"
                },
                new Product
                {
                    Id = 2,
                    Name = "B"
                },
                new Product
                {
                    Id = 3,
                    Name = "C"
                }
            };
        }
        [Test]
        public void GetOrderedProductTest()
        {
            IEnumerable<Product> products = _productService.GetOrderedProducts();
            List<string> names = products.Select(x => x.Name).ToList();
            var expected = new List<string> {"A", "B", "C"};
            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(names, expected);
        }
    }

 import { Pipe, PipeTransform } from '@angular/core';

import { Pipe, PipeTransform } from '@angular/core';

@Pipe({name: 'perNumber'}) export class PerNumberPipe implements PipeTransform {

}

import { Pipe, PipeTransform } from '@angular/core';
@Pipe({name: 'perNumber'})
export class PerNumberPipe implements PipeTransform {
    transform(value: any, ...args: any[]): any {

    }
}

import { Pipe, PipeTransform } from '@angular/core';
@Pipe({name: 'perNumber'}) export class PerNumberPipe implements PipeTransform {
    transform(input: string): string{
        if (input == undefined) return '';
        var str = input.toString().trim();
        if (str === "") return "";
        str = str.replace(/0/g, '۰');
        str = str.replace(/1/g, '۱');
        str = str.replace(/2/g, '۲');
        str = str.replace(/3/g, '۳');
        str = str.replace(/4/g, '۴');
        str = str.replace(/5/g, '۵');
        str = str.replace(/6/g, '۶');
        str = str.replace(/7/g, '۷');
        str = str.replace(/8/g, '۸');
        str = str.replace(/9/g, '۹');
        return str;
    }
}

import { PerNumberPipe } from './pipes/per-number.pipe.ts'
...

declarations: [PerNumberPipe]

<h3>{{'12345679' | perNumber}}</h3>

    public class TestViewModel
    {
        private readonly ITestService _testService;
        public TestViewModel(ITestService testService) //تزریق وابستگی در سازنده کلاس
        {
            _testService = testService;
        }

namespace DI07.Services
{
    public interface ITestService
    {
        string Test();
    }
}

namespace DI07.Services
{
    public class TestService: ITestService
    {
        public string Test()
        {
            return "برای آزمایش";
        }
    }
}

namespace DI07.Core
{
    public interface IViewModel // از این اینترفیس خالی برای یافتن و علامتگذاری ویوو مدل‌ها استفاده می‌کنیم
    {
    }
}

using DI07.Services;
using DI07.Core;

namespace DI07.ViewModels
{
    public class TestViewModel : IViewModel // علامتگذاری ویوو مدل
    {
        private readonly ITestService _testService;
        public TestViewModel(ITestService testService) //تزریق وابستگی در سازنده کلاس
        {
            _testService = testService;
        }

        public string Data
        {
            get { return _testService.Test(); }
        }
    }
}

using System.Windows;
using DI07.Core;
using DI07.Services;
using StructureMap;

namespace DI07
{
    public partial class App
    {
        protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e)
        {
            base.OnStartup(e);

            ObjectFactory.Configure(cfg =>
            {
                cfg.For<ITestService>().Use<TestService>();

                cfg.Scan(scan =>
                {
                    scan.TheCallingAssembly();
                    // Add all types that implement IView into the container, 
                    // and name each specific type by the short type name.
                    scan.AddAllTypesOf<IViewModel>().NameBy(type => type.Name);
                    scan.WithDefaultConventions();
                });
            });
        }
    }
}

using System.Windows.Controls;
using StructureMap;

namespace DI07.Core
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Stitches together a view and its view-model
    /// </summary>
    public static class ViewModelFactory
    {
        public static void WireUp(this ContentControl control)
        {
            var viewName = control.GetType().Name;
            var viewModelName = string.Concat(viewName, "Model"); //قرار داد نامگذاری ما است
            control.Loaded += (s, e) =>
            {
                control.DataContext = ObjectFactory.GetNamedInstance<IViewModel>(viewModelName);
            };
        }
    }
}

<UserControl x:Class="DI07.Views.TestView"
             xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
             xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 
             xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 
             mc:Ignorable="d" 
             d:DesignHeight="300" d:DesignWidth="300">
    <Grid>
        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Data}" />
    </Grid>
</UserControl>


<Window x:Class="DI07.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:Views="clr-namespace:DI07.Views"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525">
    <Grid>
        <Views:TestView />
    </Grid>
</Window>

using DI07.Core;

namespace DI07.Views
{
    public partial class TestView
    {
        public TestView()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            this.WireUp(); //تزریق خودکار وابستگی‌ها و یافتن ویوو مدل متناظر
        }
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<license id="17d46246-a6cb-4196-98a0-ff6fc08cb67f" expiration="2012-06-12T00:00:00.0000000" type="Trial" prof="EFProf">
  <name>MyName</name>
  <Signature xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#">
    <SignedInfo>
      <CanonicalizationMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315" />
      <SignatureMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1" />
      <Reference URI="">
        <Transforms>
          <Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#enveloped-signature" />
        </Transforms>
        <DigestMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1" />
        <DigestValue>b8N0bDE4gTakfdGKtzDflmmyyXI=</DigestValue>
      </Reference>
    </SignedInfo>
    <SignatureValue>IPELgc9BbkD8smXSe0sGqp5vS57CtZo9ME2ZfXSq/thVu...=</SignatureValue>
  </Signature>
</license>

        public static string CreateRSAKeyPair(int dwKeySize = 1024)
        {
            using (var provider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(dwKeySize))
            {
                return provider.ToXmlString(includePrivateParameters: true);
            }
        }

namespace SignedXmlSample
{
    public enum LicenseType
    {
        None,
        Trial,
        Standard,
        Personal
    }
}

using System;
using System.Xml.Serialization;

namespace SignedXmlSample
{
    public class License
    {
        [XmlAttribute]
        public Guid Id { set; get; }
        
        public string Domain { set; get; }

        [XmlAttribute]
        public string IssuedTo { set; get; }

        [XmlAttribute]
        public DateTime Expiration { set; get; }

        [XmlAttribute]
        public LicenseType Type { set; get; }
    }
}

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Cryptography; // needs a ref. to `System.Security.dll` asm.
using System.Security.Cryptography.Xml;
using System.Text;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Serialization;

namespace SignedXmlSample
{
    public static class LicenseGenerator
    {
        public static string CreateLicense(string licensePrivateKey, License licenseData)
        {
            using (var provider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider())
            {
                provider.FromXmlString(licensePrivateKey);
                var xmlDocument = createXmlDocument(licenseData);
                var xmlDigitalSignature = getXmlDigitalSignature(xmlDocument, provider);
                appendDigitalSignature(xmlDocument, xmlDigitalSignature);
                return xmlDocumentToString(xmlDocument);
            }
        }

        public static string CreateRSAKeyPair(int dwKeySize = 1024)
        {
            using (var provider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(dwKeySize))
            {
                return provider.ToXmlString(includePrivateParameters: true);
            }
        }

        public static License ReadLicense(string licensePublicKey, string xmlFileContent)
        {
            var doc = new XmlDocument();
            doc.LoadXml(xmlFileContent);

            using (var provider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider())
            {
                provider.FromXmlString(licensePublicKey);

                var nsmgr = new XmlNamespaceManager(doc.NameTable);
                nsmgr.AddNamespace("sig", "http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#");

                var xml = new SignedXml(doc);
                var signatureNode = (XmlElement)doc.SelectSingleNode("//sig:Signature", nsmgr);
                if (signatureNode == null)
                    throw new InvalidOperationException("This license file is not signed.");

                xml.LoadXml(signatureNode);
                if (!xml.CheckSignature(provider))
                    throw new InvalidOperationException("This license file is not valid.");

                var ourXml = xml.GetXml();
                if (ourXml.OwnerDocument == null || ourXml.OwnerDocument.DocumentElement == null)
                    throw new InvalidOperationException("This license file is coruppted.");

                using (var reader = new XmlNodeReader(ourXml.OwnerDocument.DocumentElement))
                {
                    var xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(License));
                    return (License)xmlSerializer.Deserialize(reader);
                }
            }
        }

        private static void appendDigitalSignature(XmlDocument xmlDocument, XmlNode xmlDigitalSignature)
        {
            xmlDocument.DocumentElement.AppendChild(xmlDocument.ImportNode(xmlDigitalSignature, true));
        }

        private static XmlDocument createXmlDocument(License licenseData)
        {
            var serializer = new XmlSerializer(licenseData.GetType());
            var sb = new StringBuilder();
            using (var writer = new StringWriter(sb))
            {
                var ns = new XmlSerializerNamespaces(); ns.Add("", "");
                serializer.Serialize(writer, licenseData, ns);
                var doc = new XmlDocument();
                doc.LoadXml(sb.ToString());
                return doc;
            }
        }

        private static XmlElement getXmlDigitalSignature(XmlDocument xmlDocument, AsymmetricAlgorithm key)
        {
            var xml = new SignedXml(xmlDocument) { SigningKey = key };
            var reference = new Reference { Uri = "" };
            reference.AddTransform(new XmlDsigEnvelopedSignatureTransform());
            xml.AddReference(reference);
            xml.ComputeSignature();
            return xml.GetXml();
        }

        private static string xmlDocumentToString(XmlDocument xmlDocument)
        {
            using (var ms = new MemoryStream())
            {
                var settings = new XmlWriterSettings { Indent = true, Encoding = Encoding.UTF8 };
                var xmlWriter = XmlWriter.Create(ms, settings);
                xmlDocument.Save(xmlWriter);
                ms.Position = 0;
                return new StreamReader(ms).ReadToEnd();
            }
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.IO;

namespace SignedXmlSample
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //Console.WriteLine(LicenseGenerator.CreateRSAKeyPair());
            writeLicense();            
            readLicense();

            Console.WriteLine("Press a key...");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        private static void readLicense()
        {
            var xml = File.ReadAllText("License.xml");
            const string publicKey = @"<RSAKeyValue>
                                    <Modulus>
                                        mBNKFIc/LkMfaXvLlB/+6EujPkx3vBOvLu8jdESDSQLisT8K96RaDMD1ORmdw2XNdMw/6ZBuJjLhoY13qCU9t7biuL3SIxr858oJ1RLM4PKhA/wVDcYnJXmAUuOyxP/vfvb798o6zAC1R2QWuzG+yJQR7bFmbKH0tXF/NOcSgbc=
                                    </Modulus>
                                    <Exponent>
                                        AQAB
                                    </Exponent>
                                 </RSAKeyValue>";

            var result = LicenseGenerator.ReadLicense(publicKey, xml);

            Console.WriteLine(result.Domain);
            Console.WriteLine(result.IssuedTo);
        }

        private static void writeLicense()
        {
            const string rsaData = @"<RSAKeyValue>
                    <Modulus>
                        mBNKFIc/LkMfaXvLlB/+6EujPkx3vBOvLu8jdESDSQLisT8K96RaDMD1ORmdw2XNdMw/6ZBuJjLhoY13qCU9t7biuL3SIxr858oJ1RLM4PKhA/wVDcYnJXmAUuOyxP/vfvb798o6zAC1R2QWuzG+yJQR7bFmbKH0tXF/NOcSgbc=
                    </Modulus>
                    <Exponent>
                        AQAB
                    </Exponent>
                    <P>
                        xwPKN77EcolMTD2O2Csv6k9Y4aen8UBVYjeQ4PtrNGz0Zx6I1MxLEFzRpiKC/Ney3xKg0Icwj0ebAQ04d5+HAQ==
                    </P>
                    <Q>
                        w568t0Xe6OBUfCyAuo7tTv4eLgczHntVLpjjcxdUksdVw7NJtlnOLApJVJ+U6/85Z7Ji+eVhuN91yn04pQkAtw==
                    </Q>
                    <DP>
                        svkEjRdA4WP5uoKNiHdmMshCvUQh8wKRBq/D2aAgq9fj/yxlj0FdrAxc+ZQFyk5MbPH6ry00jVWu3sY95s4PAQ==
                    </DP>
                    <DQ>
                        WcRsIUYk5oSbAGiDohiYeZlPTBvtr101V669IUFhhAGJL8cEWnOXksodoIGimzGBrD5GARrr3yRcL1GLPuCEvQ==
                    </DQ>
                    <InverseQ>
                        wIbuKBZSCioG6MHdT1jxlv6U1+Y3TX9sHED9PqGzWWpVGA+xFJmQUxoFf/SvHzwbBlXnG0DLqUvxEv+BkEid2w==
                    </InverseQ>
                    <D>                        Yk21yWdT1BfXqlw30NyN7qNWNuM/Uvh2eaRkCrhvFTckSucxs7st6qig2/RPIwwfr6yIc/bE/TRO3huQicTpC2W3aXsBI9822OOX4BdWCec2txXpSkbZW24moXu+OSHfAdYoOEN6ocR7tAGykIqENshRO7HvONJsOE5+1kF2GAE=
                    </D>
                  </RSAKeyValue>";

            string data = LicenseGenerator.CreateLicense(
                                                rsaData,
                                                new License
                                                {
                                                     Id = Guid.NewGuid(),
                                                     Domain = "dotnettips.info",
                                                     Expiration = DateTime.Now.AddYears(2),
                                                     IssuedTo = "VahidN",
                                                     Type = LicenseType.Standard
                                                });
            File.WriteAllText("License.xml", data);
        }
    }
}