public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.Configure<BearerTokensOptions>(options => Configuration.GetSection("BearerTokens").Bind(options));

            services
                .AddAuthentication(options =>
                {
                    options.DefaultChallengeScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
                    options.DefaultSignInScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
                    options.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
                })
                .AddJwtBearer(cfg =>
                {
                    cfg.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
                    cfg.SaveToken = true;
                    cfg.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
                    {
                        ValidIssuer = Configuration["BearerTokens:Issuer"],
                        ValidAudience = Configuration["BearerTokens:Audience"],
                        IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Configuration["BearerTokens:Key"])),
                        ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
                        ValidateLifetime = true,
                        ClockSkew = TimeSpan.Zero
                    };
                    cfg.Events = new JwtBearerEvents
                    {
                        OnAuthenticationFailed = context =>
                        {
                            var logger = context.HttpContext.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<ILoggerFactory>().CreateLogger(nameof(JwtBearerEvents));
                            logger.LogError("Authentication failed.", context.Exception);
                            return Task.CompletedTask;
                        },
                        OnTokenValidated = context =>
                        {
                            var tokenValidatorService = context.HttpContext.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<ITokenValidatorService>();
                            return tokenValidatorService.ValidateAsync(context);
                        },
                        OnMessageReceived = context =>
                         {
                             return Task.CompletedTask;
                         },
                        OnChallenge = context =>
                        {
                            var logger = context.HttpContext.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<ILoggerFactory>().CreateLogger(nameof(JwtBearerEvents));
                            logger.LogError("OnChallenge error", context.Error, context.ErrorDescription);
                            return Task.CompletedTask;
                        }
                    };
                });

{
  "BearerTokens": {
    "Key": "This is my shared key, not so secret, secret!",
    "Issuer": "http://localhost/",
    "Audience": "Any",
    "AccessTokenExpirationMinutes": 2,
    "RefreshTokenExpirationMinutes": 60
  }
}

[Authorize(AuthenticationSchemes = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)]

$.ajax({
     headers: { 'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + jwtToken },

const string tokenKey = "my.custom.jwt.token.key";
if (context.HttpContext.Items.ContainsKey(tokenKey))
{
    context.Token = (string)context.HttpContext.Items[tokenKey];
}

OnTokenValidated = context =>
{
      var tokenValidatorService = context.HttpContext.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<ITokenValidatorService>();
      return tokenValidatorService.ValidateAsync(context);
},

    public class TokenValidatorService : ITokenValidatorService
    {
        private readonly IUsersService _usersService;
        private readonly ITokenStoreService _tokenStoreService;

        public TokenValidatorService(IUsersService usersService, ITokenStoreService tokenStoreService)
        {
            _usersService = usersService;
            _usersService.CheckArgumentIsNull(nameof(usersService));

            _tokenStoreService = tokenStoreService;
            _tokenStoreService.CheckArgumentIsNull(nameof(_tokenStoreService));
        }

        public async Task ValidateAsync(TokenValidatedContext context)
        {
            var userPrincipal = context.Principal;

            var claimsIdentity = context.Principal.Identity as ClaimsIdentity;
            if (claimsIdentity?.Claims == null || !claimsIdentity.Claims.Any())
            {
                context.Fail("This is not our issued token. It has no claims.");
                return;
            }

            var serialNumberClaim = claimsIdentity.FindFirst(ClaimTypes.SerialNumber);
            if (serialNumberClaim == null)
            {
                context.Fail("This is not our issued token. It has no serial.");
                return;
            }

            var userIdString = claimsIdentity.FindFirst(ClaimTypes.UserData).Value;
            if (!int.TryParse(userIdString, out int userId))
            {
                context.Fail("This is not our issued token. It has no user-id.");
                return;
            }

            var user = await _usersService.FindUserAsync(userId).ConfigureAwait(false);
            if (user == null || user.SerialNumber != serialNumberClaim.Value || !user.IsActive)
            {
                // user has changed his/her password/roles/stat/IsActive
                context.Fail("This token is expired. Please login again.");
            }

            var accessToken = context.SecurityToken as JwtSecurityToken;
            if (accessToken == null || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(accessToken.RawData) ||
                !await _tokenStoreService.IsValidTokenAsync(accessToken.RawData, userId).ConfigureAwait(false))
            {
                context.Fail("This token is not in our database.");
                return;
            }

            await _usersService.UpdateUserLastActivityDateAsync(userId).ConfigureAwait(false);
        }
    }

    public class UserToken
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }

        public string AccessTokenHash { get; set; }

        public DateTimeOffset AccessTokenExpiresDateTime { get; set; }

        public string RefreshTokenIdHash { get; set; }

        public DateTimeOffset RefreshTokenExpiresDateTime { get; set; }

        public int UserId { get; set; } // one-to-one association
        public virtual User User { get; set; }
    }

    public interface ITokenStoreService
    {
        Task AddUserTokenAsync(UserToken userToken);
        Task AddUserTokenAsync(
                User user, string refreshToken, string accessToken,
                DateTimeOffset refreshTokenExpiresDateTime, DateTimeOffset accessTokenExpiresDateTime);
        Task<bool> IsValidTokenAsync(string accessToken, int userId);
        Task DeleteExpiredTokensAsync();
        Task<UserToken> FindTokenAsync(string refreshToken);
        Task DeleteTokenAsync(string refreshToken);
        Task InvalidateUserTokensAsync(int userId);
        Task<(string accessToken, string refreshToken)> CreateJwtTokens(User user);
    }

        private async Task<string> createAccessTokenAsync(User user, DateTime expires)
        {
            var claims = new List<Claim>
            {
                // Unique Id for all Jwt tokes
                new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Jti, Guid.NewGuid().ToString()),
                // Issuer
                new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Iss, _configuration.Value.Issuer),
                // Issued at
                new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Iat, DateTime.UtcNow.ToUnixEpochDate().ToString(), ClaimValueTypes.Integer64),
                new Claim(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier, user.Id.ToString()),
                new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, user.Username),
                new Claim("DisplayName", user.DisplayName),
                // to invalidate the cookie
                new Claim(ClaimTypes.SerialNumber, user.SerialNumber),
                // custom data
                new Claim(ClaimTypes.UserData, user.Id.ToString())
            };

            // add roles
            var roles = await _rolesService.FindUserRolesAsync(user.Id).ConfigureAwait(false);
            foreach (var role in roles)
            {
                claims.Add(new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, role.Name));
            }

            var key = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(_configuration.Value.Key));
            var creds = new SigningCredentials(key, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256);
            var token = new JwtSecurityToken(
                issuer: _configuration.Value.Issuer,
                audience: _configuration.Value.Audience,
                claims: claims,
                notBefore: DateTime.UtcNow,
                expires: expires,
                signingCredentials: creds);
            return new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(token);
        }

<ItemGroup>
   <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer" Version="2.0.0" />
</ItemGroup>

        public async Task<(string accessToken, string refreshToken)> CreateJwtTokens(User user)
        {
            var now = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow;
            var accessTokenExpiresDateTime = now.AddMinutes(_configuration.Value.AccessTokenExpirationMinutes);
            var refreshTokenExpiresDateTime = now.AddMinutes(_configuration.Value.RefreshTokenExpirationMinutes);
            var accessToken = await createAccessTokenAsync(user, accessTokenExpiresDateTime.UtcDateTime).ConfigureAwait(false);
            var refreshToken = Guid.NewGuid().ToString().Replace("-", "");

            await AddUserTokenAsync(user, refreshToken, accessToken, refreshTokenExpiresDateTime, accessTokenExpiresDateTime).ConfigureAwait(false);
            await _uow.SaveChangesAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);

            return (accessToken, refreshToken);
        }

        [AllowAnonymous]
        [HttpPost("[action]")]
        public async Task<IActionResult> Login([FromBody]  User loginUser)
        {
            if (loginUser == null)
            {
                return BadRequest("user is not set.");
            }

            var user = await _usersService.FindUserAsync(loginUser.Username, loginUser.Password).ConfigureAwait(false);
            if (user == null || !user.IsActive)
            {
                return Unauthorized();
            }

            var (accessToken, refreshToken) = await _tokenStoreService.CreateJwtTokens(user).ConfigureAwait(false);
            return Ok(new { access_token = accessToken, refresh_token = refreshToken });
        }

        [AllowAnonymous]
        [HttpPost("[action]")]
        public async Task<IActionResult> RefreshToken([FromBody]JToken jsonBody)
        {
            var refreshToken = jsonBody.Value<string>("refreshToken");
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(refreshToken))
            {
                return BadRequest("refreshToken is not set.");
            }

            var token = await _tokenStoreService.FindTokenAsync(refreshToken);
            if (token == null)
            {
                return Unauthorized();
            }

            var (accessToken, newRefreshToken) = await _tokenStoreService.CreateJwtTokens(token.User).ConfigureAwait(false);
            return Ok(new { access_token = accessToken, refresh_token = newRefreshToken });
        }

        [AllowAnonymous]
        [HttpGet("[action]"), HttpPost("[action]")]
        public async Task<bool> Logout()
        {
            var claimsIdentity = this.User.Identity as ClaimsIdentity;
            var userIdValue = claimsIdentity.FindFirst(ClaimTypes.UserData)?.Value;

            // The Jwt implementation does not support "revoke OAuth token" (logout) by design.
            // Delete the user's tokens from the database (revoke its bearer token)
            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(userIdValue) && int.TryParse(userIdValue, out int userId))
            {
                await _tokenStoreService.InvalidateUserTokensAsync(userId).ConfigureAwait(false);
            }
            await _tokenStoreService.DeleteExpiredTokensAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
            await _uow.SaveChangesAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);

            return true;
        }

using System;

namespace AOP00
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Log.Debug("Program has started.");
            //.....
            try
            {

            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Log.Error(ex);
                throw;
            }
            finally
            {
                //.....
                Log.Debug("Program has ended.");
            }
        }
    }
}

        public User GetUserById(int id)
        {
            if (Cache.ExistsFor(id))
            {
                return Cache[id];
            }
            else
            {
                var user = LoadFromDb(id);
                Cache.AddFor("User", id, user);
                return user;
            }
        }

function getNewInfo(){
  $.ajax("url", function (newinfo) {
      // do something with the data
  // start the new request
      getNewINfo();
  });
}
// start the polling loop
getNewInfo();

var eventSrc = new EventSource("url");
    // register event handler for the message
    eventSrc.addEventListener( "message",function (evt) {
    //process the data
});

var socket = new WebSocket("url");
socket.onmessage = function (msg) {
var newInfo = msg.data;
// do something with the data
}
// client can also send request to server
socket.send(.... )

 PM> Install-Package Microsoft.AspNet.SignalR.Sample

fn add(x: i32, y: i32) -> i32 {
    let sum = x + y;
    sum
}

fn main() {
    let a = 5;
    let b = 3;
    let result = add(a, b);
    println!("The sum is: {}", result);
}

use std::rc::Rc;

#[derive(Debug)]
struct LargeData {
    data: Vec<i32>,
}

impl LargeData {
    fn new(size: usize) -> LargeData {
        LargeData {
            data: vec![0; size],
        }
    }
}

fn main() {
    let large_data = Rc::new(LargeData::new(1_000_000));
    let shared_data1 = Rc::clone(&large_data);
    let shared_data2 = Rc::clone(&large_data);

    println!("{:?}", shared_data1);
    println!("{:?}", shared_data2);
}

namespace Nop.Services
{
    public interface ICustomService
    {
        protected InjectType Inject { get;  }
        protected int Order { get; }
        protected ImplementationType implementationType { get; }
    }
    public enum ImplementationType
    {
        WithInterface = 0,
        WithoutInterface = 1
    }
    public enum InjectType
    {
        Scopped=0,
        Transit=1,
        SingleTon=2
    }
}

namespace Nop.Services
{
    public interface IMyCustomService: ICustomService
    {
        int ok();
    }
}

namespace Nop.Services
{
    public class MyCustomService : IMyCustomService
    {
        public InjectType Inject { get;  }
        public int Order { get;  }
        public ImplementationType implementationType { get;  }

        public MyCustomService()
        {
            implementationType = ImplementationType.WithInterface;
            Inject = InjectType.Scopped;
            Order = 1;
        }
        public int ok()
        {
            return 10;
        }
    }
}

namespace Nop.Web.Framework.Infrastructure
{
    public class CustomDependencyInjection : NopStartup
    {
        private static bool IsSubInterface(Type t1, Type t2)
        {
            if (!t2.IsAssignableFrom(t1))
                return false;

            if (t1.BaseType == null)
                return true;

            return !t2.IsAssignableFrom(t1.BaseType);
        }
        public override void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services, IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            //-------------Get All Services-------------
            var asm = AppDomain.CurrentDomain
                 .GetAssemblies()
                 .Single(x => x.FullName.Contains("Nop.Services"));
            //-------------find Services that inheriance of ICustomService-------------
            var types = asm.DefinedTypes.Where(x => IsSubInterface(x, typeof(ICustomService)));
            //-----------Get All Custom Service Classess-------
            var allRelatedClassServices = types
                .Where(x => x.IsClass)
                .OrderBy(x=>(Int32)x.GetProperty("Order")
                .GetValue(Activator.CreateInstance(x), null));

            //-----------Get All Custom Service Interfaces-------
            var allRelatedInterfaceServices = types.Where(x => x.IsInterface);
            //-----------Matche Class Services To Related Interface Services-------
            TypeInfo interfaceService=null;
            foreach (var classService in allRelatedClassServices)
            {
                //-----------detect Implementation Type for service-----------
                var implementationValue = (ImplementationType)classService.GetProperty("implementationType")
                   .GetValue(Activator.CreateInstance(classService), null);

                //-----------detect inject type for service-----------
                var InjectValue = (InjectType)classService.GetProperty("Inject")
                   .GetValue(Activator.CreateInstance(classService), null);

                //-----------get related interface for service class-----------
                if (implementationValue == ImplementationType.WithInterface)
                    interfaceService = allRelatedInterfaceServices.Single(x => x.Name == $"I{classService.Name}");

               

                //----------finally Add Custom Service To Service Collection-----------
                switch (InjectValue)
                {
                    case InjectType.Scopped:
                        if(interfaceService!=null)
                            services.AddScoped(interfaceService, classService);
                        else
                            services.AddScoped(classService);
                        break;
                    case InjectType.Transit:
                        if (interfaceService != null)
                            services.AddTransient(interfaceService, classService);
                        else
                            services.AddTransient(classService);
                        break;
                    case InjectType.SingleTon:
                        if (interfaceService != null)
                            services.AddSingleton(interfaceService, classService);
                        else
                            services.AddSingleton(classService);
                        break;
                    default:
                        break;
                }
                interfaceService = null;
            }
        }
       
    }
}

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>net7.0</TargetFramework>
    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
  </PropertyGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="BenchmarkDotNet" Version="0.13.4" />
  </ItemGroup>
</Project>

using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
using BenchmarkDotNet.Jobs;

namespace NET7Loops;

[SimpleJob(RuntimeMoniker.Net60)]
[SimpleJob(RuntimeMoniker.Net70)]
[MemoryDiagnoser(false)]
public class Benchmarks
{
    private int[] ItemsArray;
    private List<int> ItemsList;

    [GlobalSetup]
    public void Setup()
    {
        var random = new Random(420);
        var randomItems = Enumerable.Range(0, 1000).Select(_ => random.Next());
        ItemsArray = randomItems.ToArray();
        ItemsList = randomItems.ToList();
    }

    [Benchmark]
    public void For_Array()
    {
        for (var i = 0; i < ItemsArray.Length; i++)
        {
            var item = ItemsArray[i];
        }
    }

    [Benchmark]
    public void For_List()
    {
        for (var i = 0; i < ItemsList.Count; i++)
        {
            var item = ItemsList[i];
        }
    }

    [Benchmark]
    public void ForEach_Array()
    {
        foreach (var item in ItemsArray)
        {
        }
    }

    [Benchmark]
    public void ForEach_List()
    {
        foreach (var item in ItemsList)
        {
        }
    }
}

using BenchmarkDotNet.Running;
using NET7Loops;

BenchmarkRunner.Run<Benchmarks>();

// Decompiled with JetBrains decompiler
// Type: NET7Loops.Benchmarks
// Assembly: NET7Loops, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null
// MVID: E398BEE7-8123-4C55-AF9A-F7D83DDA73F1
// Assembly location: C:\Prog\1401\Net7Tests\NET7Loops\bin\Debug\net7.0\NET7Loops.dll
// Compiler-generated code is shown

using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
using BenchmarkDotNet.Jobs;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

namespace NET7Loops
{
  [NullableContext(1)]
  [Nullable(0)]
  [SimpleJob(RuntimeMoniker.Net60, -1, -1, -1, -1, null, false)]
  [SimpleJob(RuntimeMoniker.Net70, -1, -1, -1, -1, null, false)]
  [MemoryDiagnoser(false)]
  public class Benchmarks
  {
    private int[] ItemsArray;
    private List<int> ItemsList;

    [GlobalSetup]
    public void Setup()
    {
      Benchmarks.<>c__DisplayClass2_0 cDisplayClass20 = new Benchmarks.<>c__DisplayClass2_0();
      cDisplayClass20.random = new Random(420);
      IEnumerable<int> source = Enumerable.Range(0, 1000).Select<int, int>(new Func<int, int>((object) cDisplayClass20, __methodptr(<Setup>b__0)));
      this.ItemsArray = source.ToArray<int>();
      this.ItemsList = source.ToList<int>();
    }

    [Benchmark(23, "C:\\Prog\\1401\\Net7Tests\\NET7Loops\\Benchmarks.cs")]
    public void For_Array()
    {
      for (int index = 0; index < this.ItemsArray.Length; ++index)
      {
        int items = this.ItemsArray[index];
      }
    }

    [Benchmark(32, "C:\\Prog\\1401\\Net7Tests\\NET7Loops\\Benchmarks.cs")]
    public void For_List()
    {
      for (int index = 0; index < this.ItemsList.Count; ++index)
      {
        int items = this.ItemsList[index];
      }
    }

    [Benchmark(41, "C:\\Prog\\1401\\Net7Tests\\NET7Loops\\Benchmarks.cs")]
    public void ForEach_Array()
    {
      int[] itemsArray = this.ItemsArray;
      for (int index = 0; index < itemsArray.Length; ++index)
      {
        int num = itemsArray[index];
      }
    }

    [Benchmark(49, "C:\\Prog\\1401\\Net7Tests\\NET7Loops\\Benchmarks.cs")]
    public void ForEach_List()
    {
      List<int>.Enumerator enumerator = this.ItemsList.GetEnumerator();
      try
      {
        while (enumerator.MoveNext())
        {
          int current = enumerator.Current;
        }
      }
      finally
      {
        enumerator.Dispose();
      }
    }

    public Benchmarks()
    {
      base..ctor();
    }

    [CompilerGenerated]
    private sealed class <>c__DisplayClass2_0
    {
      [Nullable(0)]
      public Random random;

      public <>c__DisplayClass2_0()
      {
        base..ctor();
      }

      internal int <Setup>b__0(int _)
      {
        return this.random.Next();
      }
    }
  }
}

for (int index = 0; index < this.ItemsArray.Length; ++index)
{
   int items = this.ItemsArray[index];
}

      List<int>.Enumerator enumerator = this.ItemsList.GetEnumerator();
      try
      {
        while (enumerator.MoveNext())
        {
          int current = enumerator.Current;
        }
      }
      finally
      {
        enumerator.Dispose();
      }