public class Currency
{
  public string CurrencyName { get; } 
  public string CountryName { get; }

  public Currency(string paramCurrencyName,string paramCountryName)
  {
     CurrencyName= paramCurrencyName;
     CountryName = paramCountryName;
  }
}

 public static class  ExtendingClassName
 {
      public static ReturnType MethodName(this   ExtendedMethod  arg)
      {
           //دستورات درون متد
          Return ReturnType;
      } 
 } 

public static class  ExtendingString
{
  public static  string  AddPrefix(this   string  arg)
  {
     return String.Format("prefix{0}",arg);
  } 
} 

string  s = "Student";
Console.WriteLine(s.AddPrefix());

public static class ExtendingString   
{
    public static string AddPrefix(this   string arg, string prefix)
    {
         return String.Format("{0}{1}", prefix, arg);
     }
} 

var  s = "Student";
Console.WriteLine(s.AddPrefix("tbl"));

public class Test 
{
     public int AddOne(int val)
     {
         return val + 1;
     }
  }

public static class ExtendingTest   
{
     public static int AddTwo(this   Test  arg, int val)
     {
         return val + 2;
     }
}

static void Main(string[] args)
{
       var x = new Test();
       Console.WriteLine(x.AddOne(10));
       Console.WriteLine(x.AddTwo(10));
       Console.Read();
}

#1 let mutable phrase = "Can it change? "

#2 printfn "%s" phrase

#3 phrase <- "yes, it can."

#4 printfn "%s" phrase

Can it change?  
yes, it can.

#1 let mutable phrase = "Can it change?  "

#3 phrase <- 1

Prog.fs(9,10): error: FS0001: This expression has type
int
but is here used with type
string

let redefineX() =
let x = "One"
printfn "Redefining:\r\nx = %s" x
if true then
   let x = "Two"
printfn "x = %s" x
printfn "x = %s" x

Redefining:
x = One
x = Two
x = One

let mutableX() =
let mutable x = "One"
printfn "Mutating:\r\nx = %s" x
if true then
   x <- "Two"
printfn "x = %s" x
printfn "x = %s" x

Mutating:
x = One
x = Two
x = Two

let refVar = ref 6

refVar := 50



printfn "%d" !refVar

let xRef : int ref = ref 10

printfn "%d" (xRef.Value)
printfn "%d" (xRef.contents)

xRef.Value <- 11
printfn "%d" (xRef.Value)
xRef.contents <- 12
printfn "%d" (xRef.contents)

10
10
11
12 

let keepIfPositive (a : int) = if a > 0 then Some(a) else None

let exists (x : int option) = 
    match x with
    | Some(x) -> true
    | None -> false

let rec tryFindMatch pred list =
    match list with
    | head :: tail -> if pred(head)
                        then Some(head)
                        else tryFindMatch pred tail
    | [] -> None

let result1 = tryFindMatch (fun elem -> elem = 100) [ 200; 100; 50; 25 ] //برابر با 100 است

let result2 = tryFindMatch (fun elem -> elem = 26) [ 200; 100; 50; 25 ]// برابر با None است

open System.IO
let openFile filename =
    try 
        let file = File.Open (filename, FileMode.Create)
        Some(file)
    with
        | ex -> eprintf "An exception occurred with message %s" ex.Message
                None

type enum-name =
   | value1 = integer-literal1
   | value2 = integer-literal2
   ...

type Color =
   | Red = 0
   | Green = 1
   | Blue = 2

let col1 : Color = Color.Red

type uColor =
   | Red = 0u
   | Green = 1u
   | Blue = 2u
let col3 = Microsoft.FSharp.Core.LanguagePrimitives.EnumOfValue<uint32, uColor>(2u)

using(var writer = new StreamWriter(filePath))
{
   
}

let writeToFile fileName =
    use sw = new System.IO.StreamWriter(fileName : string)
    sw.Write("Hello ")

[<Measure>] type unit-name [ = measure ]

[<Measure>] type cm

[<Measure>] type ml = cm^3

let value = 1.0<cm>

[<Measure>] type g                 تعریف واحد گرم
[<Measure>] type kg               تعریف واحد کیلوگرم
let gramsPerKilogram : float<g kg^-1> = 1000.0<g/kg>    تعریف تابع تبدیل

[<Measure>] type degC // دما بر حسب سلسیوس
[<Measure>] type degF // دما بر حسب فارنهایت

let convertCtoF ( temp : float<degC> ) = 9.0<degF> / 5.0<degC> * temp + 32.0<degF> // تابع تبدیل سلسیوس به فارنهایت
let convertFtoC ( temp: float<degF> ) = 5.0<degC> / 9.0<degF> * ( temp - 32.0<degF>) // تابع تبدیل فارنهایت به سلسیوس

let degreesFahrenheit temp = temp * 1.0<degF> // درجه به فارنهایت
let degreesCelsius temp = temp * 1.0<degC> // درجه به سلسیوس

printfn "Enter a temperature in degrees Fahrenheit." 
let input = System.Console.ReadLine()
let mutable floatValue = 0.
if System.Double.TryParse(input, &floatValue)// اگر ورودی عدد بود
   then 
      printfn "That temperature in Celsius is %8.2f degrees C." ((convertFtoC (degreesFahrenheit floatValue))/(1.0<degC>))
   else
      printfn "Error parsing input."

Enter a temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.
90
That temperature in degrees Celsius is    32.22.

namespace DomainEventsSample.Framework.Eventing.DomainEvents
{
    public interface IDomainEvent : ITransientDependency
    {
    }
}

1. متد Raise مربوط به Engine برای رویداد خاصی فراخوانی می‌شود.
2. با استفاده از یک IOC Container، تمام هندلرهای مربوط به رویداد جمع آوری می‌شود.
3. متد Handle مربوط به تک تک هندلرها، فراخوانی خواهد شد.

namespace DomainEventsSample.Framework.Eventing.DomainEvents
{
    public interface IDomainEventEngine : ISingletonDependency
    {
        void Raise<T>(T domainEvent) where T : IDomainEvent;
    }
}

namespace DomainEventsSample.Framework.Eventing.DomainEvents
{
    public class DomainEventEngine : IDomainEventEngine
    {
        private readonly IContainer _container;

        public DomainEventEngine(IContainer container)
        {
            _container = container;
        }

        public void Raise<T>(T domainEvent) where T : IDomainEvent
        {
            foreach (var handler in _container.GetAllInstances<IDomainEventHandler<T>>())
                try
                {
                    handler.Handle(domainEvent);
                }
                catch (Exception)
                {
                    if (domainEvent.IsAdvisable && handler.IsAdvisable)
                        throw;
                }
        }
    }
}

namespace DomainEventsSample.Framework.Domain.Events
{
    public abstract class EntityDomainEvent<TEntity> : IDomainEvent
        where TEntity : Entity
    {
        protected EntityDomainEvent(TEntity entity)
        {
            Entity = entity;
        }

        public TEntity Entity { get; }
    }
}

کلاس بالا به عنوان کلاس پایه یکسری رویداد مشترک مابین Entity‌های سیستم در نظر گرفته شده است.

namespace DomainEventsSample.Framework.Domain.Events
{
    public class EntityCreatingEvent<TEntity> : EntityDomainEvent<TEntity>
        where TEntity : Entity
    {
        public EntityCreatingEvent(TEntity entity) : base(entity)
        {
        }
    }
}
namespace DomainEventsSample.Framework.Domain.Events
{
    public class EntityCreatedEvent<TEntity> : EntityDomainEvent<TEntity>
        where TEntity : Entity
    {
        public EntityCreatedEvent(TEntity entity) : base(entity)
        {
        }
    }
}

این رویدادها مربوط به زمان قبل و بعد از ایجاد یک Entity می‌باشند.

namespace DomainEventsSample.Framework.Domain.Events
{
    public class EntityEditingEvent<TEntity> : EntityDomainEvent<TEntity>
        where TEntity : Entity
    {
        public EntityEditingEvent(TEntity entity) : base(entity)
        {
        }
    }
}
namespace DomainEventsSample.Framework.Domain.Events
{
    public class EntityEditedEvent<TEntity> : EntityDomainEvent<TEntity>
        where TEntity : Entity
    {
        public EntityEditedEvent(TEntity entity) : base(entity)
        {
        }
    }
}

namespace DomainEventsSample.Framework.Domain.Events
{
    public class EntityDeletingEvent<TEntity> : EntityDomainEvent<TEntity>
        where TEntity : Entity
    {
        public EntityDeletingEvent(TEntity entity) : base(entity)
        {
        }
    }
}
namespace DomainEventsSample.Framework.Domain.Events
{
    public class EntityDeletedEvent<TEntity> : EntityDomainEvent<TEntity>
        where TEntity : Entity
    {
        public EntityDeletedEvent(TEntity entity) : base(entity)
        {
        }
    }
}

namespace DomainEventsSample.Framework.Domain.Events
{
    public class EntitySavingEvent<TEntity> : EntityDomainEvent<TEntity>
        where TEntity : Entity
    {
        public EntitySavingEvent(TEntity entity) : base(entity)
        {
        }
    }
}

namespace DomainEventsSample.Framework.Domain.Events
{
    public class EntitySavedEvent<TEntity> : EntityDomainEvent<TEntity>
        where TEntity : Entity
    {
        public EntitySavedEvent(TEntity entity) : base(entity)
        {
        }
    }
}

نکته: برای اسکن کردن تمام هندلرها لازم است کد زیر را به تنظیمات StructureMap اضافه کنید:

Scan(scan =>
{
    scan.ConnectImplementationsToTypesClosing(typeof(IDomainEventHandler<>));
});

public class ProductCreatedEventHandler : IDomainEventHandler<EntityCreatedEvent<Product>>
{
    public bool IsAdvisable => false;

    public void Handle(EntityCreatedEvent<Product> domainEvent)
    {
        //todo: notify users
    }
}

public class ProductApplicationService : IProductApplicationService
{
    private readonly IDomainEventEngine _eventEngine;
    private readonly IUnitOfWork _unitOfWork;
    private readonly IMapper _mapper;

    public ProductApplicationService(IDomainEventEngine eventEngine,IMapper mapper,IUnitOfWork unitOfWork)
    {
        _eventEngine = eventEngine;
        _mapper=mapper;
        _unitOfWork=unitOfWork;
    }

    [Transactional]
    public void Create(ProductCreateViewModel model)
    {
         var entity=_mapper.Map<Product>(model);
        _unitOfWork.Set<Product>().Add(entity);
        _unitOfWork.SaveChanges();
        _eventEngine.Raise(new EntityCreatedEvent<Product>(entity));
    }
}

البته بهتر است برای Raise کردن این نوع رویدادها از مکانیزم Hook استفاده کرد و در زمان ذخیره سازی و فراخوانی متد SaveChange، این عملیات به صورت خودکار صورت گیرند.

در مقاله بعدی با استفاده از Hookها این عملیات را انجام خواهیم داد. 

            var productsDataSource = new kendo.data.DataSource({
                transport: {
                    read: {
                        url: "api/products",
                        dataType: "json",
                        contentType: 'application/json; charset=utf-8',
                        type: 'GET'
                    },
                    create: {
                        url: "api/products",
                        contentType: 'application/json; charset=utf-8',
                        type: "POST"
                    },
                    update: {
                        url: function (product) {
                            return "api/products/" + product.Id;
                        },
                        contentType: 'application/json; charset=utf-8',
                        type: "PUT"
                    },
                    destroy: {
                        url: function (product) {
                            return "api/products/" + product.Id;
                        },
                        contentType: 'application/json; charset=utf-8',
                        type: "DELETE"
                    },
                    //...
                },
                schema: {
                    //...
                    model: {
                        id: "Id", // define the model of the data source. Required for validation and property types.
                        fields: {
                            "Id": { type: "number", editable: false }, //تعیین نوع فیلد برای جستجوی پویا مهم است
                            "Name": { type: "string", validation: { required: true } },
                            "IsAvailable": { type: "boolean" },
                            "Price": { type: "number", validation: { required: true, min: 1 } },
                            "AddDate": { type: "date", validation: { required: true } }
                        }
                    }
                },
                batch: false, // enable batch editing - changes will be saved when the user clicks the "Save changes" button
                //...
            });

namespace KendoUI06.Controllers
{
    public class ProductsController : ApiController
    {
        public HttpResponseMessage Post(Product product)
        {
            if (!ModelState.IsValid)
                return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);

            var id = 1;
            var lastItem = ProductDataSource.LatestProducts.LastOrDefault();
            if (lastItem != null)
            {
                id = lastItem.Id + 1;
            }
            product.Id = id;
            ProductDataSource.LatestProducts.Add(product);

            var response = Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.Created, product);
            response.Headers.Location = new Uri(Url.Link("DefaultApi", new { id = product.Id }));
            // گرید آی دی جدید را به این صورت دریافت می‌کند
            response.Content = new ObjectContent<DataSourceResult>(
                new DataSourceResult { Data = new[] { product } }, new JsonMediaTypeFormatter());
            return response;
        }
    }
}

            var productsDataSource = new kendo.data.DataSource({
                //...
                schema: {
                    data: "Data",
                    total: "Total",
                }
                //...
            });

namespace KendoUI06.Controllers
{
    public class ProductsController : ApiController
    {
        public DataSourceResult Get(HttpRequestMessage requestMessage)
        {
            var request = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<DataSourceRequest>(
                requestMessage.RequestUri.ParseQueryString().GetKey(0)
            );

            var list = ProductDataSource.LatestProducts;
            return list.AsQueryable()
                       .ToDataSourceResult(request.Take, request.Skip, request.Sort, request.Filter);
        }
    }
}

response.Content = new ObjectContent<DataSourceResult>(
                              new DataSourceResult { Data = new[] { product } }, new JsonMediaTypeFormatter());

namespace KendoUI06.Controllers
{
    public class ProductsController : ApiController
    {
        public HttpResponseMessage Delete(int id)
        {
            var item = ProductDataSource.LatestProducts.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == id);
            if (item == null)
                return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.NotFound);

            ProductDataSource.LatestProducts.Remove(item);

            return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, item);
        }

        [HttpPut] // Add it to fix this error: The requested resource does not support http method 'PUT'
        public HttpResponseMessage Update(int id, Product product)
        {
            var item = ProductDataSource.LatestProducts
                                        .Select(
                                            (prod, index) =>
                                                new
                                                {
                                                    Item = prod,
                                                    Index = index
                                                })
                                        .FirstOrDefault(x => x.Item.Id == id);
            if (item == null)
                return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.NotFound);


            if (!ModelState.IsValid || id != product.Id)
                return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);

            ProductDataSource.LatestProducts[item.Index] = product;
            return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK);
        }
    }
}

            $("#report-grid").kendoGrid({
                //....
                editable: {
                    confirmation: "آیا مایل به حذف ردیف انتخابی هستید؟",
                    destroy: true, // whether or not to delete item when button is clicked
                    mode: "popup", // options are "incell", "inline", and "popup"
                    //template: kendo.template($("#popupEditorTemplate").html()), // template to use for pop-up editing
                    update: true, // switch item to edit mode when clicked?
                    window: {
                        title: "مشخصات محصول"   // Localization for Edit in the popup window
                    }
                },
                columns: [
                //....
                    {
                        command: [
                            { name: "edit", text: "ویرایش" },
                            { name: "destroy", text: "حذف" }
                        ],
                        title: " ", width: "160px"
                    }
                ],
                toolbar: [
                    { name: "create", text: "افزودن ردیف جدید" },
                    { name: "save", text: "ذخیره‌ی تمامی تغییرات" },
                    { name: "cancel", text: "لغو کلیه‌ی تغییرات" },
                    { template: kendo.template($("#toolbarTemplate").html()) }
                ],
                messages: {
                    editable: {
                        cancelDelete: "لغو",
                        confirmation: "آیا مایل به حذف این رکورد هستید؟",
                        confirmDelete: "حذف"
                    },
                    commands: {
                        create: "افزودن ردیف جدید",
                        cancel: "لغو کلیه‌ی تغییرات",
                        save: "ذخیره‌ی تمامی تغییرات",
                        destroy: "حذف",
                        edit: "ویرایش",
                        update: "ثبت",
                        canceledit: "لغو"
                    }
                }
            });

namespace BlazorStateManagement.Stores
{
    public interface IAction
    {
        public string Name { get; }
    }
}

namespace BlazorStateManagement.Stores.CounterStore
{
    public class IncrementAction : IAction
    {
        public const string Increment = nameof(Increment);

        public string Name { get; } = Increment;
    }

    public class DecrementAction : IAction
    {
        public const string Decrement = nameof(Decrement);

        public string Name { get; } = Decrement;
    }
}

using System;

namespace BlazorStateManagement.Stores
{
    public interface IActionDispatcher
    {
        void Dispatch(IAction action);
        void Subscribe(Action<IAction> actionHandler);
        void Unsubscribe(Action<IAction> actionHandler);
    }

    public class ActionDispatcher : IActionDispatcher
    {
        private Action<IAction> _actionHandlers;

        public void Subscribe(Action<IAction> actionHandler) => _actionHandlers += actionHandler;

        public void Unsubscribe(Action<IAction> actionHandler) => _actionHandlers -= actionHandler;

        public void Dispatch(IAction action) => _actionHandlers?.Invoke(action);
    }
}

namespace BlazorStateManagement.Client
{
    public class Program
    {
        public static async Task Main(string[] args)
        {
            var builder = WebAssemblyHostBuilder.CreateDefault(args);
            // ...
            builder.Services.AddScoped<IActionDispatcher, ActionDispatcher>();
            // ...
        }
    }
}

using System;

namespace BlazorStateManagement.Stores.CounterStore
{
    public interface ICounterStore : IDisposable
    {
        CounterState State { get; }

        void AddStateChangeListener(Action listener);
        void BroadcastStateChange();
        void RemoveStateChangeListener(Action listener);
    }
}

using System;

namespace BlazorStateManagement.Stores.CounterStore
{
    public class CounterStore : ICounterStore
    {
        private readonly CounterState _state = new();
        private bool _isDisposed;
        private Action _listeners;
        private readonly IActionDispatcher _actionDispatcher;

        public CounterStore(IActionDispatcher actionDispatcher)
        {
            _actionDispatcher = actionDispatcher ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(actionDispatcher));
            _actionDispatcher.Subscribe(HandleActions);
        }

        private void HandleActions(IAction action)
        {
            switch (action)
            {
                case IncrementAction:
                    IncrementCount();
                    break;
                case DecrementAction:
                    DecrementCount();
                    break;
            }
        }

        public CounterState State => _state;

        private void IncrementCount()
        {
            _state.Count++;
            BroadcastStateChange();
        }

        private void DecrementCount()
        {
            _state.Count--;
            BroadcastStateChange();
        }

        public void AddStateChangeListener(Action listener) => _listeners += listener;

        public void RemoveStateChangeListener(Action listener) => _listeners -= listener;

        public void BroadcastStateChange() => _listeners.Invoke();

        public void Dispose()
        {
            Dispose(disposing: true);
            GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
        }

        protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if (!_isDisposed)
            {
                try
                {
                    if (disposing)
                    {
                        _actionDispatcher.Unsubscribe(HandleActions);
                    }
                }
                finally
                {
                    _isDisposed = true;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

        private void HandleActions(IAction action)
        {
            switch (action)
            {
                case IncrementAction:
                    IncrementCount();
                    break;
                case DecrementAction:
                    DecrementCount();
                    break;
            }
        }

@inject ICounterStore CounterStore

@code {

    private void IncrementCount()
    {
        CounterStore.IncrementCount();
    }

@using BlazorStateManagement.Stores

// ...
@inject IActionDispatcher ActionDispatcher


@code {

    private void IncrementCount()
    {
        ActionDispatcher.Dispatch(new IncrementAction());
    }

public class UsersController : Controller
{
    private readonly IUserService _service;

    public UsersController(IUserService service)
    {
        _service = service ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(service));
        _service.Initialize(new ModelStateWrapper(ModelState));
    }

    [HttpPost]
    public async Task<IActionResult> Create([FromForm]UserCreateModel model)
    {
        if (!ModelState.IsValid) return View(model);

        await _service.CreateAsync(model);

        //todo: Display ModelState's Errors
    }
}